Class 11 chemistry labs

A conceptual lab where you build shells, assign quantum numbers and check configurations against the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule.

Compare atomic size, ionisation energy and metallic character across a period and down a group.

Weigh, dissolve and make up to the mark in a volumetric flask. Learn why you rinse, why the meniscus matters and how to avoid common errors.

Heat, rotate, bend and cool a soda-glass tube safely.

Score, snap and fire-polish a soda-glass tube so the ends are safe and fit corks or rubber tubing.

Heat and pull a soda-glass tube to form a fine capillary jet for wash bottles and gas washing bottles.

Use a cork borer to make a clean hole for glass tubing or a thermometer, and bevel the hole if your manual requires.

See a more reactive metal displace a less reactive one from solution, and learn to write the ionic equations.

Use a calorimeter to study a strong acid reacting with a strong base, and understand heat loss and temperature correction.

Measure pH of assigned solutions using pH paper and universal indicator, and relate colour to approximate pH.

Compare pH of a weak acid alone and after adding a salt sharing the same anion — the common-ion effect.

Observe colour change when stress is applied to Fe³⁺/SCN⁻ or Co²⁺/Cl⁻ equilibria in solution.

Learn the standard tests for alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and more.

Use Baeyer's reagent and bromine in CCl₄ to distinguish saturated from unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Prepare sodium fusion extract from an organic compound and test for nitrogen, sulphur, and halogens.

Weigh oxalic acid dihydrate, dissolve and make up a standard solution in a volumetric flask for use in acid–base titration.

Standardise sodium hydroxide solution against standard oxalic acid using phenolphthalein indicator.

Prepare a standard solution of anhydrous sodium carbonate in a volumetric flask for acidimetry.

Find the strength of hydrochloric acid by titrating against standard sodium carbonate using methyl orange.

Find the melting point of a solid such as benzoic acid or naphthalene using a melting-point tube and oil bath.

Find the boiling point of a liquid such as ethanol or acetone using a micro boiling-point tube or distillation setup.

Purify impure alum, copper sulphate, or benzoic acid by hot dissolution, filtration, and controlled cooling to grow crystals.

Identify one cation and one anion in an unknown salt using dry tests, flame test, and wet group analysis as your manual teaches.