Notes
Revise the idea, then open the practical
Class 11 and Class 12 chemistry notes for exam recall, plus two short lab notes on burette readings. Use them with your textbook and your teacher’s instructions.

Choose a class
Theory chapters for exam recall, including a few supplementary topics your school may not examine.
- Structure of atomClass 11 note: particles, Rutherford and Bohr, quantum numbers, and how electrons fill orbitals — for exam recall, not a textbook rewrite.
- Mole, formula, and concentrationClass 11 mole, empirical and molecular formula, molarity, molality and limiting reagent — the ideas you use in practical calculations.
- Redox reactionsClass 11 redox: oxidation number rules, spotting oxidising and reducing agents, and how to balance equations — with a short bridge to Class 12 KMnO₄ titrations.
- Thermodynamics basicsClass 11 thermodynamics: system types, ΔU = q + W, enthalpy, Hess’s law, entropy and Gibbs energy, written for exam recall.
- Periodic table and periodicityClass 11 note: why we classify elements, Mendeleev vs modern table, s/p/d/f blocks, and the trends you actually write in exams.
- Organic chemistry basicsClass 11 organic starter: how we draw structures, classify compounds, name them, and talk about isomerism and electronic effects.
- HydrocarbonsClass 11 hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and benzene — prep lines, key reactions, and the rules that decide products.
- Some basic concepts of chemistryClass 11 laws of chemical combination, the mole and stoichiometry, and how those ideas show up in practical calculations.
- Chemical bonding and molecular structureClass 11 bonding: ionic and covalent pictures, VSEPR shapes, valence bond, basic molecular orbital ideas, and hydrogen bonding.
- EquilibriumClass 11 equilibrium: dynamic balance, Kc and Kp, Le Chatelier’s principle, and the ionic equilibrium ideas used in practicals.
- Hydrogen (supplementary)Supplementary notes on hydrogen: isotopes, hydrides, water and hydrogen peroxide. Confirm with your school whether this chapter is examined.
- The s-block elements (supplementary)Supplementary notes on alkali and alkaline earth metals. Confirm with your school whether this chapter is on your Class 11 exam.
- The p-block Groups 13–14 (supplementary)Supplementary NCERT-style Class 11 p-block notes for Groups 13–14. May sit outside the current CBSE Class 11 board syllabus — confirm with your school.
- Environmental chemistry (supplementary)Supplementary notes on pollution, ozone and the greenhouse effect. Confirm with your school whether this chapter is examined.
Board chapters, plus short notes on reading a burette and choosing concordant readings.
- Reading a buretteHow to take a burette reading you can defend in a viva: vertical clamp, no air bubble, eye level, and a written precision.
- Concordant readingsWhy you repeat a titration, which readings count as concordant, and which ones you may average into the final calculation.
- SolutionsClass 12 solutions: concentration units, Raoult’s law, ideal and non-ideal mixtures, colligative properties and the van’t Hoff factor.
- ElectrochemistryClass 12 electrochemistry: cells, electrode potentials, Nernst equation, conductance, and electrolysis — tied where possible to redox titration thinking.
- Chemical kineticsClass 12 kinetics: rate laws, order, molecularity, integrated rate equations, the Arrhenius equation and collision theory.
- The d- and f-block elementsClass 12 transition and inner transition metals: electronic configuration, trends, coloured ions, magnetism, and a few named compounds — condensed for revision.
- Coordination compoundsClass 12 coordination chemistry: Werner theory, nomenclature, isomerism, VBT and CFT basics — enough to name complexes and explain colour/magnetism.
- Haloalkanes and haloarenesClass 12 halogen derivatives: preparation, SN1/SN2, elimination, environmental issues — linked to functional-group tests where relevant.
- Alcohols, phenols and ethersClass 12 oxygen derivatives: acidity, preparation, reactions of ROH and ArOH, ethers — for mechanism names and qualitative tests.
- Aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acidsClass 12 carbonyl chemistry: preparation, nucleophilic addition, alpha chemistry, acids and derivatives — focused on named tests and mechanisms at NCERT depth.
- AminesClass 12 amines: basicity, preparation, diazonium chemistry, and coupling reactions — short revision for theory and lab identification.
- BiomoleculesClass 12 biomolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids — structures and roles at the level NCERT expects for board exams.