Concordant readings
Class 12 · Updated 2026-10-02. Published for practice.
Why one reading is not enough
A single titration can be off because of a bubble, a late stop, or a misread scale. Repeating the titration shows whether the volume is stable.
Which readings to average
Concordant readings are the ones that agree closely enough to use. Many Class 12 files treat volumes within 0.1 mL of each other as concordant. Use the rule your teacher gives you.
Leave out a trial you know was overshot. Do not average it in to make the table look full.
The calculation uses the concordant volume, the pipette volume, and the concentration from your manual. This note does not compute an example.